History of Ethiopia

Prehistory
Antiquity	to 1st century BC
Aksum	to 10th century AD

Prehistory
Antiquity	to 1st century BC
Aksum	to 10th century AD
Zagwe dynasty	to 1268
Early Solomonic period	1270–1529

Ethiopian–Adal War	1527–1543
Oromo migrations	1543 – 17th century
Habesh Eyalet	1557 – 17th century
Early Gondar period	1632–1769
Aussa Sultanate	1734–1974
Zemene Mesafint	1769–1855

Unification	1855–1913
First Italo–Ethiopian War	1895–1896
Pre-Italian Modernization	1913–1936
Second Italo–Ethiopian War	1935–1936
Italian East Africa	1936–1941
East African Campaign	1941
Italian guerrilla war	1941–1943
Post-Italian Modernization	1941–1974
Federation with Eritrea	1952–1962
Eritrean Independence	1961–1991
Ethiopian Civil War	1974–1991

Ethiopian general election	2005
Ogaden conflict	2007–2008
War in Somalia	2006–2009

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The article covers the prehistory and history of Ethiopia from its emergence as an empire under the Aksumites to its current form as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia as well as the history of other areas in what is now Ethiopia such as the Afar Triangle. The Ethiopian Empire (Abyssinia) was first founded by Ethiopian people in the Ethiopian Highlands. Due to migration and imperial expansion, it grew to include many other primarily Afro-Asiatic-speaking communities, including Oromos, Amhara, Somalis, Tigray, Afars, Sidama, Gurage, Agaw and Harari, among others.

This book stimulates scholarship and amplifies our knowledge of Ethiopian history, then it will have proved its worth beyond merely being a guide through a complex and difficult story. This achievement.

One of the earliest kingdoms to rise to power in the territory was the kingdom of D'mt in the 10th century BC, which established its capital at Yeha. In the first century AD the Aksumite Kingdom rose to power in the Tigray Region with its capital at Aksum and grew into a major power on the Red Sea, subjugating Yemen and Meroe and converting to Christianity in the early fourth century. The Aksumite empire fell into decline with the rise of Islam in the Arabian peninsula which slowly shifted trade away from the Christian Aksum and it eventually became isolated then economy slumped and Aksum's commercial domination of the region was over[^[1]]. The Aksumites gave way to the Zagwe Dynasty who established a new capital at Lalibela, before giving way to the Solomonic Dynasty in the 13th century. During the early Solomonic period Ethiopia went through military reforms and imperial expansion that made it dominate the Horn of Africa. Portuguese missionaries arrived at this time.

In 1529, a conquest of Abyssinia (Futuh al-Habash) by the Ottoman-allied Muslim Adal Sultanate devastated the highlands, and was only deterred by a Portuguese intervention. With both Portuguese-allied Highlanders and Adal greatly weakened by the war, the Oromo people were able to expand into the highlands, conquering the remains of the Adal Sultanate and pushing deep into the north. The Portuguese presence also increased, while the Ottomans began to push into what is now Eritrea, creating the Habesh Eyalet. The Portuguese brought modern weapons and baroque architecture to Ethiopia, and in 1622 converted the emperor Susenyos I to Catholicism, sparking a civil war which ended in his abdication and expulsion of all Catholics from Ethiopia. A new capital was established at Gondar in 1632, and a period of peace and prosperity ensued until the country was split apart by warlords in the 18th century during the Zemene Mesafint.

Jul 16, 2017 Ethiopia Grade 12 Textbook in PDF for both teachers and students. Ethiopian Students and Teachers may download this Grade 12 subjectwise Text books which is provide by the Ethiopia Ministry of Education and published and printed by reputed company.
17 For a history of Ethiopia see Richard Pankhurst, The Ethiopians (Malden, Massachusetts and Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998); The Ethiopian Borderlands (Lawrenceville, NJ and Asmara, Eritrea: The Red Sea Press, 1997); and A Social History of Ethiopia. (Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University, 1990).
In “Pillars in Ethiopian History” Joseph E Harris (Editor) has presented four of Hansberry’s essays which focus specifically on the Axumite empire in the North East of Africa. These essays cover the history of the Queen of Sheba, the development of the Christian Empire in that region, as well as the legendary Christian monarch Prester John.

Ethiopia was reunified in 1855 under Tewodros II, beginning Ethiopia's modern history and his reign was followed by Yohannes IV who was killed in action in 1889. Under Menelik II Ethiopia started its transformation to well organized technological advancement and the structure that the country has now. Ethiopia also expanded to the south and east, through the conquest of the western Oromo (now Shoan Oromo), Sidama, Gurage, Wolayta and other groups, resulting in the borders of modern Ethiopia. Ethiopia defeated an Italian invasion in 1896 and came to be recognised as a legitimate state by European powers. A more rapid modernisation took place under Menelik II and Haile Selassie. Italy launched a second invasion in 1935. From 1935-1941, Ethiopia was under Italian occupation. A joint force of British and Ethiopian rebels managed to drive the Italians out of the country in 1941, and Haile Selassie was returned to the throne. Ethiopia and Eritrea united in a federation, but when Haile Selassie ended the federation in 1961 and made Eritrea a province of Ethiopia, the 30-year Eritrean War of Independence broke out. Eritrea regained its independence after a referendum in 1993.

Haile Selassie was overthrown in 1974 and the militaristic Derg Regime came to power. In 1977 Somaliainvaded, trying to annex the Ogaden region, but were pushed back by Ethiopian, Soviet, and Cuban forces. In 1977 and 1978 the government tortured or killed hundreds of thousands of suspected enemies in the Red Terror. Ethiopia experienced famine in 1984 that killed one million people and civil war that resulted in the fall of the Derg in 1991. This resulted in the establishment of the Federal Democratic Republic under Meles Zenawi. Ethiopia remains impoverished, but its economy has become one of the world's fastest-growing.^[2]

4Antiquity
5Middle Ages
- 5.1Zagwe Dynasty
- 5.2Early Solomonic period (1270–1529)
6Gondarine Period
- 6.1Early Gondar period (1632–1769)
7Modern
- 7.11855–1936
  - 7.1.4Iyasu V, Zauditu and Haile Selassie (1913–1936)
9References

Timeline[edit]

Prehistory[edit]

It was not until 1963 that evidence of the presence of ancient hominids was discovered in Ethiopia, many years after similar discoveries had been made in neighbouring Kenya

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